Economic. In Past Years, Mcdonalds Have Shown The Ability

Economic: In past years, McDonalds have shown the ability to often adjust and perform effectively to any economic/financial climate. This is due to when there is an economic downturn, consumers living on a tight budget in a bad economy often turn to fast food chains for inexpensive meals. For example, within Europe, where stressed consumers are still pulling back, McDonald s notched 6.9 percent same-store-sales growth in 2009 s second quarter. Thereby illustrating of a maintenance of long term economic growth for the company. Social: McDonalds has seen its public image decline as society in general becomes more health conscious, and due to the fact that there is increasing figures of increased childhood obesity, means McDonald’s†¦show more content†¦Increasing business automation, from service tills, to stock control, training, research, administration and office work, business might make a considerable measure that s only the tip of the iceberg troublesome will behaviour without the utilization of machines and the fast progresses continuously aggravated should enhance benefits of the business for all zones. This the greater part dives under giving work to a stress spare and effective administration The point when clients request their meals. Competitive: Strengths of the hierarchy is McDonald’s Cheat prices is McDonald’s main competitive advantage. The company is engaged in an extensive utilization of economies of scale to achieve the cost advantage. McDonald s economies of scale benefit the company in various ways in its international endeavours, including: the fact that its uniform menu offerings can be mass produced, lowering production costs; the company s bargaining power with its suppliers lowers its input costs and boosts margins; the company s large advertising budget gives McDonald s a significant competitive advantage over its competitors. Presently 60% of McDonald s sales occur outside of the U.S. In my opinion, by tapping into this growing global middle class the company s international operations will continue to post strong same store and new store sales growth overall into the next decade. As a way of competingShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds Stock Valuation4177 Words   |  17 Pages443 McDonalds Valuation Project Write Up To begin the economic analysis of McDonalds, we must first look at the company beta. McDonalds has a beta of .34 meaning it is not as volatile when compared to the market and can be categorized as a low risk stock. To determine that financial impact of changes in economic conditions to the performance McDonalds, three economic indicators must be evaluated. The leading economic index (LEI), coincident economic index (CEI), and lagging economic indexRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Its Impact On The Food Industry996 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsibility is of high relevance in the food industry, as this sector has strong impact and high dependence on the economy. CSR threats and responsibilities are increasingly shifting from single firm level to the food chains and network. Over the past decade, there has been substantial evolvement in CSR as a response to perceived limitations of governmental regulations such as privatization and globalizations. Another main reason for r ising relevance of CSR is shift in values and preferences ofRead MoreStrategy And Innovation : American Fast Food Industry3846 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION Over the past 3 decades, Fast food has pervaded every nook and corner of the US community. An industry that just began its journey with a very few number of fast food items like hot dogs and hamburgers has now escalated to reach every niche of the country selling a diverse range of food to people of all the category. Though the principle of fast food- serving filling and tasty food at an affordable price that satisfies people of all category, has not changed over the past decades, the growthRead MoreCase Study : Mcdonald s Corporation3467 Words   |  14 Pagesrights from the originators brothers Maurice (Dick) and Mac McDonald. Today the McDonald s Corporation is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 35,000 local restaurants serving nearly 70 million people in more than 100 countries each day. - Getting to Know Us. Retrieved December 15th, 2014 The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Richard and Maurice (Dick) McDonald. By the 1950’s the McDonalds brothers had established a simplified menu and ran the restaurantRead MoreCompetitive Strategy Including the Use of Porters Five Forces Model Being Aplied on Carrefour Egypt1639 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst mover advantage as a pioneer company in the entertainment industry since 1923. †¢ Provide high quality entertainment to different consumers †¢ Strong positioning and high brand equity. 2.2 Weaknesses: †¢ Increasing cost of capital as the past several years Disney has seen its cost of capital steadily increase, which reduce the range of possible investment. †¢ Lack of Corporate Control over Divisions 2.3 Opportunities: †¢ Expand into new areas to reach other uncovered consumers’ segments. †¢Read MoreLinking Childhood Obesity to Fast Food Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. Our nation has slowly gravitated towards fast food, allowing for a new industry to explode and expand over the past few decades. This monumental fast food industry has become a symbol of America and our diets. Fast food is convenient, quick, and cheap, requiring hardly any effort. It is the perfect formula for our fast-paced nation and suffering economy. The problem is shown through our sky-high rate of obesity. Though fast food has some short-term benefits like saving time and a few dollarsRead MoreMcdonalds. Human Resources9534 Words   |  39 PagesMcDonalds TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 01 HUMAN RESOURCE ANALYSIS 09 JOB ANALYSIS 10 PLANNING AND FORECASTING 18 RECRUITMENT 20 SELECTION 22 TRAINING 29 DEVELOPMENT 34 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL 36 COMPENSATION 38 INCENTIVES 42 BENEFITS 44 EMPLOYEE RELATIONS 45 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50 Human Resource Management Project McDonalds UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB KUBRA ASLAM L1S08BBAM2020 MARYM ATIQ L1S08BBAM2032 KHADIJA BUTT L1S08BBAM2024 PROJECT MCDONALDS SUBMITTED TO PROF. R. SHAKOORRead MoreStarbucks Case Study5067 Words   |  21 PagesPrivate Company, from its inception in 1971, to it s initial public offering in 1992. We believe that there since the beginning, Starbucks strategy has been one of growth. They have demonstrated all dimensions of a growth strategy: Internationalization in expanding into new countries and the global market. It has shown concentration in being creative and relying on it s core competency of making high quality coffee and coffee equipment to develop new products and markets. Horizontal IntegrationRead MoreStarbucks Case Study3720 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Starbucks Case Study Starbucks Coffee Company Economic Strategic Analysis Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Market Environment Analysis 4 Strategic Analysis 7 Customers 8 New Entrants 10 Substitutes Rivals 11 Strategic Fit Analysis 12 Conclusion 13 Abstract The research paper is concerned with evaluating the current position of Starbucks Coffee Company in United States with reference to environmental factors encompassing macro and microeconomic view. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Food Truck Call Irie Naymins1614 Words   |  7 Pagesof food trucks such as Hal Hal, Taco, Chinese, Thai to name a few. A Jamaican food Truck was not in sight. Research shows, over the past five years, the Food truck industry has seen experience tremendous growth. Driven by budget conscious customers who are looking for unique gourmet cuisine. Recent data shows that the industry has grown 12.4 % of the past five years with an annual revenue of 1,200,000,000 (Brain, 2016). Because of the growing trend in the food truck industry and my family and I decided

Gender Inequality By Virginia Woolf s Orlando Essay

Virginia Woolf’s Orlando offers a pointed critique of gender inequality through its usage and portrayal of androgyny and fashion. The common perception of gender is threefold; people define gender through physical difference, behavior, and a visual perception of sex. Gender is inherently unstable because it is dependent more upon an onlookers’ reality than scientific difference. Woolf uses androgyny and fashion in order to illustrate the insignificance of physical body: If a woman acts like a man and dresses like a man, does she become a man? What about to the strangers who see her? Are these interpretations different? Is either one more valid than the other? When people perceive gender based upon behavior and perception incorrectly, they prove indirectly that gender inequality is illogical because the difference of sex is superficial. Woolf uses and references androgyny throughout Orlando in order to prove its insignificance: the characters remain essentially the same regardless of their visual descriptions and other characters’ impressions of their sex. Androgyny forecloses prejudgement based upon sex and forces the reader to rethink his conceptualization of a binary gender system. When Orlando first sees Sasha, the Russian Princess, she is ice skating. Orlando watches a figure skating and is enamored by its beauty and grace. The figure’s â€Å"legs, hands, carriage, were a boy’s, but no boy had ever had a mouth like that; no boy had those breasts; no boy had those eyes

Disadvantages Of Esl Course Books Education Essay Free Essays

ESL signifies English as a Second Language. ESL Course books are books that instructors use to help them in the instruction of the English Language in schools and establishments. These books are normally used as they make learning English unusually easy- instructor uses them to fix for category, they are visually appealing with images and illustrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages Of Esl Course Books Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now They besides fit good with school timetables. They were designed for pupils of all degrees and ages. In line with Cheung and Wong ( Cheng and Wong, 2002 ) , the cardinal rule of an academic course of study should be targeted at developing pupils ‘ rational abilities in capable survey countries that are deemed most worthy. ESL class books have their advantages and disadvantages. Advantages The first advantage is that the class books come with a set of achievement ends that are clearly set. They tell the scholar what he or she will be able to make on completion of a class, and what to anticipate. The 2nd advantage is that when utilizing the class books, the genres and subjects are structured such that they cover the four accomplishment countries of reading, composing, speech production, and listening. This greatly eases the load off the instructor of holding to fix to turn to those countries. The class books besides assist inexperient instructors as they have ready-made activities and they assist such instructors to fix for categories. Disadvantages Several jobs and issues have come up such as insistent activities, uninteresting subjects, and unequal linguistic communication exposure. Many of the activities in the class books come as ‘question and reply ‘ subdivisions. After making it several times, there is a likeliness that the pupils will get down happening the lessons drilling and uninteresting. In add-on, the reading subdivisions in the class book tend to be comparatively short. Therefore, they fail to be effectual in assisting pupils develop that constituent of the accomplishment countries. The reading stuff besides tends non to be disputing adequate for scholars, and the scholars end up non profiting from analyzing the class books. If non checked, such issues can stop up impacting a pupil ‘s overall public presentation in the English linguistic communication. Solutions One solution is the add-on of outside reading stuffs to the course of study to supplement the class books. This would make full in the spread for the countries that the class books have non covered. Another solution would be to increase the reading stuff in the class books. The encouragement of literature reading even outside the schoolroom would besides be a solution. It is confirmed that a great wealth of vocabulary and excellence in grammar is learnt through the reading of literature. How is this statement right? ESL class books have been an huge aid to the instruction sector. They have eased the work of the instructors well. Before, doing of the lessons and stuff to be studied rested entirely on the shoulders of the instructors. Now, the instructors can utilize these text editions to help them to fix for the categories ; the instructor can besides take to utilize the books sometimes, as they come absolutely planned with most of the stuff needed for each lesson. The above statement recognizes this. The statement is right in the manner it honestly examines the advantages and disadvantages of ESL class books without prejudice. The weight of the advantages compares to the weight of the disadvantages. A right representation of the value and worth of the ESL class books is shown ( Kayapinar, 2009 ) . An accurate representation of the advantages that the ESL books bring is put away, backed by believable resources like Kayapinar ‘s Course book Evaluations by English Teachers ‘ . An accur ate representation of the disadvantages is besides put away, backed by believable beginnings, as Harmer ‘s ‘How to Teach English ‘ ( Harmer, 2007 ) . In the solutions, a right decision is made that the books are a valuable but a slightly unequal beginning of information and stuff ; therefore, the solution to add extra reading stuff to the course of study, was sound. How the statement is incorrect? Harmonizing to the statement, instructors are depending on the ESL class books far excessively much. The work of instruction has been taken from the instructors and set on the class books, which is non the manner it is supposed to be. The instructor is supposed to hold a bulk of the stuff needed to be taught in school ; the books should merely supplement their stuff. Another manner that the statement is incorrect is in the manner it emphasizes the insufficiency of the class books. The books are seen to be missing disputing stuff, equal reading stuff, and are said to be dull. Alternatively of looking for extra text editions, they can see refashioning the class books and make fulling them with the stuff that would be most utile to the instructors and pupils. The statement is besides incorrect in the manner it accommodates the indolence of pupils. The pupils have no right to acquire bored of the class books. They are non in the schoolrooms to be entertained, but to analyze. The duty of acquisition should be put back where it belongs ; on the shoulders of the pupils. They should take the enterprise in the acquisition procedure, transfusing within them, a self-driven desire to stand out. That manner, if the class books go unequal, they will take the enterprise of looking for extra information from other books and diaries. This would significantly ease the work of the instructors, every bit good. Decision The class books have been of enormous aid in the instruction sector. The best thing to make would be to hone them and add the relevant reading stuff to them. Still, pupils should take duty over their surveies, and that manner they will assist the instructors assist them even more. How to cite Disadvantages Of Esl Course Books Education Essay, Essay examples

Marketing Plan Reef HQ

Question: Describe about marketing proposal that will form the basis of the marketing plan for this subject. You will be provided with a briefing by the client, Reef HQ? Answer: Company Reef HQ will be analyzed. As a part of marketing, the management will ensure that people from different corners of the world are aware of the existence of this aquarium. Brief background Reef HQ is known as the worlds largest coral reef aquarium. You will get a chance to see more than thousands of marine creatures. The visitors will love this aquarium as they will get a chance to witness the marine life of Great barrier reef. The visitors will see the marine life that they would have never thought about and hence, they love to spend hours over there. Reef HQ is into existence so that they can show to people about the marine life. The management of Reef HQ believed that this will motivate the people to support the marine life as there are high chances that it may extinct soon if the environmentalists ignore it. They also have a water caf inside so people have spend time with the marine creatures while they are enjoying their coffee. This is very affordable and hence, people from different corners of the world can come here. It also has a gift store so it allows the visitors to buy gifts and mementos for their loved ones. Competitive advantage There are various things in Reef HQ which makes it better than that of the other similar aquariums in Australia. Few of the competitive advantages of the reef HQ are discussed below. Reef HQ will allow people to be a part of the marine life. Nothing better can happen if you are given a chance to be a part of the marine life without getting wet. This is something different and people have never experienced this in the past. Reef HQ is very affordable and hence, it can be afforded by everybody. Anybody can afford to spend time here and this experience will be unique. People will love to come to the aquarium and spend time frequently. (Starr 2007). Target market Reef HQ will target all the people in the Australia. Apart from that, it also wants to attract all the tourists who come to Australia. (Stone 2001). How to provide customer value? Reef HQ will be different than that of the other aquariums which are present in Australia and also worldwide. Few of the things that make Reef HQ better than that of the other aquariums are as follows: - 1. Reef HQ can have a guide in the aquarium. The guide can explain the features of each marine life that they come across. This will help the regular people to understand the difference between all the marine lives.2. Reef HQ can give free gifts to the visitors who come to the aquarium. This will help the visitors to remember this and at the same time, the visitors will also remember to make frequent visits to this place (Mallabar 2009). Budget Particulars Amount required Banners $20000 Advertisements in magazine $60000 Website development $80000 Sales executive $40000 Other expenses $100000 $300000 Recommendations for senior management Few of the recommendations for the senior management of the reef HQ firm so that they can be rest are discussed below. The senior management of Reef HQ should tie up with schools so that the kids can come to the aquarium. Once the kids like this place, they will ask their parents also to visit here and hence, this will increase the business of Reef HQ. The senior management of Reef HQ can start with water diving so that people can experience diving and also enjoy the marine life. This will increase the business as most of the tourists who come to Australia will be excited to enjoy diving along with seeing the beauty of marine life. (California Bookwatch 2008). References California Bookwatch, 2008, The Business Plan Workbook, pp. 12-17 Mallabar, M, 2009, Commentary:Businessplanfundamentals, Daily Record, pp. 17-29 Starr, L, 2007, Small business plans: captain, your deck chairs have arrived!, Journal of pension benefits, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 75 Hursh, N, 2010, A custom business plan, Saskbusiness, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 32 Stone, A, 2001, Business Plan, Journal of housing community development, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 22-25

Americas Fascination with Entertainment essays

America's Fascination with Entertainment essays At the end of the day, the typical American turns on the television when they get home and proceeds to flip through the channels until the sight of twenty guys standing around an attractive woman catches their eye. The guys are smiling ear to ear knowing they are going to have to out do the guys standing next to them. Entertainment has changed drastically since our parents were our age. In the 1960's, the entertainment industry was very small compared to today. There was television, radio, movie theaters, and going to sporting events. Conversation between family members was a main part of entertainment back then. Today, the industry has added computers, video games, Internet, pornography, and much more. America's fascination with the entertainment industry is influenced by childhood upbringing, boredom, the need to escape from reality, violence, and advertising because people want to be captivated and the time constraints Americans place in their lives. Childhood upbringing affects the enchantment the entertainment industry plays in a person's life. Many kids today are placed in front of a television set or computer when their parents need a "babysitter." Parents use the television and computer as a way to keep their kids out of their hair when they don't have time to mess with them. According to www.nccev.org, "56% of children ages eight through sixteen have a television in their rooms." The television in their room plays a role in how much television programs they watch unsupervised. Unsupervised television viewing allows the child to watch any program they desire. The parent needs to monitor the programs the child watches. The child could be watching adult programs with violence, nudity, adult content, and adult language. Kids are brought up in this day and age thinking when there is nothing to do, and they are bored to turn on the television. Boredom may be the force that causes the greatest fascination with ent...

Italian Vocabulary for Fruits and Vegetables

Italian Vocabulary for Fruits and Vegetables Turning the corner off of via Garibaldi,  one sees stands lined up along the edge of the piazza. People with plastic bags, children with balloons, and Asian tourists with umbrellas milled about, stopping at a stand every so often to sample a slice of a peach or inquire about the price of a bundle of spinach. When you visit Italy, it’s likely you’ll run into a similar market,  and if you want a snack or have the option of cooking, you’ll want to stop as they are great places to practice your Italian and  feed yourself. To help you out, here are some key phrases and vocabulary words that you can use when buying fruit and vegetables. Fruit Vegetable Vocabulary Almond - la mandorlaApple - la melaApricot - l’albicoccaArtichoke - il carciofoAsparagus - l’asparagoAvocado - l’avocadoBasil - il basilicoBeans - i fagioliBell pepper - il peperoneCabbage - il cavoloCarrot - la carotaCauliflower - il cavolfioreCherries - le ciliegieChickpeas - i ceciCilantro - il coriandoloCucumber - il cetrioloEggplant - la melanzanaFennel - il finocchioFig - il ficoGarlic - l’aglioGrape - l’uvaGreen beans - i fagioliniLeek - il porroLemon - il limoneLettuce - la lattugaMelon - il meloneMint - la mentaOregano - l’origanoParsley - il prezzemoloPeach - la pescaPeas - i piselliniRaspberry - il lamponeRosemary - il rosmarinoSpinach - gli spinaciStrawberry - la fragolaTomato - il pomodoroWatermelon - languria Phrases Vorrei quattro mele per oggi, per favore. - I would like four apples for today, please. Note: If you say â€Å"per oggi - for today†, it implies that you want to eat these apples today and don’t want to wait for any produce to ripen. Quanto costa al chilo? - How much does it cost per kilo?Quelli come si chiamano? - What are those called?Un etto di†¦(fragole). - 100 grams of†¦(strawberries).Come si puà ² cucinare†¦(il finocchio)? - How does one cook†¦(fennel)?Avete...(il basilico)? - Do you have†¦(basil)?Posso assaggiare (il peperone), per favore? - Can I try (the bell pepper), please? Look but Dont Touch Here’s a quick cultural tip that might save you some embarrassment when shopping for fruits and vegetables. In Italy, you never want to directly touch any of the produce. In supermarkets, they have plastic gloves available so you can choose what you want, and there will be a machine you use to print out a label so the sales clerk can easily scan your purchases. When you go to the market, just ask for help from the venditore (vendor).    In both cases, it helps to bring your own bag from home. In supermarkets, they will charge you for la busta (the bag), but at outdoor markets, they’ll typically just give you a plastic one if you don’t have your own. If you’re curious about phrases for shopping in other contexts, read this article, and if you still need to learn the numbers so you can understand how much everything costs, go here.

Course Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course Reflection - Assignment Example and when held up in different circumstances .The third chapter is important, had helped me in understanding the most important aspect of the study which is coding procedure and this will help me in being a better coding professional. The fourth chapter is about the medical fee charged on to the insurance clients and this section had mathematical calculation too. This is an important phase of the study which allowed me to understand and analyze the patient’s medical fee calculation .This section also allowed me to understand the benefits avail to the clients while they are claiming medical charges from the insurance company. There are different exercise regarding claims and reimbursement in this section which allow me to grasp more easily the mathematical activities. The fifth chapter is all about the refunds and appeals of clients. Here I understood about the record keeping technique and the way in which the refund and appeals had to be handled when I am in profession. Last but not least, I studied about the billing procedure which is the final step of the

Research Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Research Plan - Essay Example For instance, price competition, the pressures brought about by price increases, changes in customer trends and preferences, and industry concentration. These factors have made it extremely challenging for supermarkets to keep their customers, let alone encouraging them to be loyal. As a result of these changes, there are a number of ways through which retailers respond. Tesco, in particular, has always been a leader in influencing the market, and retaining customers, largely due to their technology driven strategies, that focus on marketing the products and services with the help of technology. In addition, the company also emphasizes on establishing and developing relationships with their customers. On the other hand, other companies like Asda and Safeway have decided to take another path, focusing on offering goods and services at a more competitive price. Sainsbury, at the moment, is still trying to gain back the market share of what Tesco has taken from them (Obitz, 2009). This chapter shall focus on the concept of relationship marketing and customer relationship marketing, both of which aim to preserve the loyalty of existing customers, instead of simply aiming to gain new ones. In order for this to happen, companies need to be innovative in its marketing approach, and this study shall investigate the approach of supermarket retailers such as Tesco, which has opted to make use of the Internet as part of its marketing strategy. The following sections shall therefore discuss the integration of technology with customer relationship marketing and relationships marketing (both of which are two different concepts, as will be discussed later on). As was described in the previous paragraph, the leading supermarket retailers all have their own unique marketing approach, especially when it comes to the kind of relationship that they are able to establish with their customers. Apparently, there are two types of marketing

An overview of the concept of cosmetic accounting Essay

An overview of the concept of cosmetic accounting - Essay Example From this research it is clear that cosmetic or creative accounting is a process where accountant use their knowledge about accounting rules to change or manipulate the reported figures of the company’s business accounts. Cosmetic accounting can be describe in different ways like it is referred as the terms of income smoothing , earning management , earning smoothing or somewhere as financial engineering. The term cosmetic accounting is used when ,accepted accounting techniques those are not allow to use as to report financial results of a company, and with the help of creative accounting those prohibited techniques are used to manipulate accurate picture of the company. The methods of creative accounting are noteworthy because they remain in use as generally accepted accounting principal. As an author every company is fiddling its profit, every sets of published accounts are based on books which have been gently cooked or completely roasted. This deception is all in perfectly good taste. It is creative accounting. Creative accounting also based on some unethical elements like as accounting details of a restaurant can be anything (true and fair). The creativity in such details is like showing a half glass of water as half-full instead of presenting it as half-empty. Both statements are correct but both can paint different pictures and create different images in user’s mind. Sometimes, creativity accounting can be described as accounting manipulation.... This way, the management can reduce the net income’s fluctuations from one period to another. An explanation why cosmetic accounting is considered as blessing or curse: Cosmetic accounting can be considered as blessing when it contributes to clear or maintain the existing accounting system. And it can become a curse when it is used un-ethically to treat unfairly a specific group of users of financial statements. Most of the accountants believe that cosmetic accounting can be used as both of blessing and curse. According to a survey only 10% respondent think that this technique could be a blessing and 21% think that it is a curse. Cosmetic accounting can be used in two ways Positive Negative Simply the positive one can treat as blessing as to represent the true and fair position of the company. It can use to polish the account interests, but also as an accounting engineering consist on agreed accounting policies. As according to International Accounting Standard 1, â€Å"Compa nies can chose any procedure for maintaining their accounting records from the set of procedure those are declared true and fair† Negative form of cosmetic accounting is when this technique is used unethically to damage a specific group of users of financial statements. For example Companies can use a technique to include capital profits as operating Profits from the sale of properties and shares. Companies can record unrealized capital gains as operating profit. Companies can include the profits of their associated companies as their own profits to make the better financial position. In short the Positive one recognizes genuine changes in the business accounting practices while the Negative one reflects undesirable

A Strategic Analysis Of J Sainsbury Marketing Essay

A Strategic Analysis Of J Sainsbury Marketing Essay J Sainsbury plc  consists of Sainsburys a chain of 509 supermarkets and 276 convenience stores, Sainsburys online, Sainsburys property and Sainsburys Bank. Sainsburys Supermarkets is the UKs longest standing major food retailing chain, which opened its first store in 1869. The Sainsburys brand is built upon a heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food. Today it differentiates itself by offering a broad range of great quality products at fair prices with particular emphasis on fresh food, a strong ethical approach to business and continuous leadership and innovation. At Sainsburys products are improved and developed to ensure the company leads in terms of the ingredients used and integrity of sourcing. Sainsburys goal  is to improve quality shopping experience for customers with great products at fair prices. Their aim is to exceed customer expectations for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food, making the customers lives easier every day. Sainsburys brand Values-passion for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food, their focus is on delivering great products at fair prices, they have a history of innovation and leadership and a strong regard for the social, ethical and environmental effects of their operation, and this has continued to stand the test of time. Sainsburys five principles are at the core of their business:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best for food and health  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sourcing with integrity  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respect for our environment  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making a positive difference to our community  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A great place to work. And at Sainsburys they believe that these principles provide differentiation from their major competitors and define and direct all their activities. Sainsburys business priorities are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great food at fair prices  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accelerating growth of complementary non-food ranges  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reaching more customers through additional channels  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Growing supermarket space  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Active property management The organisation that has been selected to examine and analyse is Sainsburys.  Ã‚   Sainsburys has started its journey in 1869 and since then it has gradually established itself as the third largest supermarket chain in UK. Over the past few years its parent company   J Sainsbury plc   has prolonged its business and now owns a whole range of other companies like Sainsburys Supermarkets, Sainsburys Local, Bells Stores, Jacksons Stores and JB Beaumont, Sainsburys Online and Sainsburys Bank. The increasing figures of Sainsburys  Ã‚   global sales and purchasing operations contributes to a significant rise in the business competence and productivity. However, this report will be examining Sainsburys position in the retail industry, explaining the role of interaction within the macro and micro environment, drawing up a detailed competitive advantage of the organisation and the strategies that influence the business policies to survive in the competitive market. Analysis of Financial data Gross Profit Margin (GPM)- Due to the intense competition in the supermarket industry margins are generally low. See the following table for comparators which shows relatively poor margins for Sainsbury even compared to other retailers ; Company Industry ROA Profit Margin Marks Spencer Retailer and Financial Services 4.43% 3.91% J Sainsbury Retailer and Financial Services 5.60% 3.61% Thorntons Retailer of Chocolates etc 8.43% 6.45% Next Retailer of Clothing 26.14% 13.82% Dixons Group Retailer of Electronic etc Goods 19.78% 14.41% Yates Group Retailer of Food 9.13% 13.34% Safeway Retailer of Food 7.24% 4.14% Morrisons Retailer of Food 12.93% 5.87% Tesco Retailer of Food and Household Goods 9.99% 5.72% Strategic analysis of Sainsbury PLC using Porters 5-Force Model SWOT Analysis A  SWOT Analysis  is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the  Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,  and  Threats  of an organization. With the help of this SWOT analysis we will be able to find out the positives and negatives of Sainsburys. Strengths: Sainsburys has had thirteen straight quarters of growth showing real turnaround in its business. Even for 2007 it has shown an increase of 7% in turnover and a huge 450% increase in profit after tax (Annual Report 2007).It has an extremely experienced leadership team. Sainsburys seems to be very well placed on green and environmental issues due to its various recent initiatives, like buying fair-trade bananas (economist.com 2008 [online]). Furthermore its help in closing down gang master has had a positive effect on the public in general. It has a positive consumer brand and its liked by both green activists and consumers. It is one supermarket chain that has a clear celebrity endorsing products, leading to increased sales. With Jamie Oliver, it has been simple for Sainsburys to see uplifts in sales of specific ingredients that have been featured in ad campaigns. The supermarket had to order nine tons the equivalent of two years supply of nutmeg to meet demand when it appeared in one of Jamie Olivers ads. Weakness: The takeover bid by the Qataris Private equity firm last year can have some implications as people are gravitating towards British companies and the prospect of Sainsburys being governed by a foreign firm can lead to consumers switching loyalties. Unlike Tescos expansion plan (economist.com [online] 2008), Sainsburys is not present in markets other than the UK. This can lead to trouble especially if there is some problem within food retailing in the UK or if there needs to be a source of extra growth. Opportunities: Sainsburys alternative business presents a great opportunity for future growth. Its investments in property and a goal of  £40 million profit through its bank seem like a good strategy to pursue. Online sales are a great opportunity as well, since online margins are higher and investments are not huge. Threats: There needs to be continuous heavy investment in environmental and green issues without immediate benefits. The problem lies in maintaining a balance e.g. Bio-fuel is an important tool to curb global emissions and its use affects Sainsburys supply chain directly, so Sainsburys should support it. However, a spurt in bio-fuels has made corn dearer (independent.co.uk [online] 2008) affecting its prices within the UK and making Sainsburys consumers bear the brunt. Sainsburys operations are subject to a broad spectrum of regulatory requirements particularly in relation to planning, competition and environmental issues, employment, pensions and tax laws and in terms of regulations over the groups products and services. This  concludes  that with the help of this SWOT analysis Sainsbury would now know where they stand. This will also allow them work on their opportunities, weaknesses and threats and build up on their strengths giving them a cutting edge. Macro-Environment: At this present phenomenon the nature of the retail industry is changing its image dramatically and the importance to survive with the competitors and remain as a leading company in the market has reached its highest peak. However, there are some issues which may have some impacts on the business.    Political factors: At present the changing trend of globalised business could be a challenge as well as an opportunity for the Sainsburys because they would have to compete against new forces from all over the world to maintain best quality of the products and services they offer. Customer may get a negative impression because of the investigation going on price fixing as Sainsburys is listed in the top four retailers in UK (Rigby 2008). The UK Government is to reduce corporation tax rates from 30% to 28%, which will help Sainsbury, to save large amount of money (HM Treasury 2008).    Economical factors: The rising food prices because of global food crisis may have impacts on the business of Sainsburys as it will definitely increase their purchasing and production cost (economist.com 2008). And eventually it will increase the overall price of the products in the super market     Supply chain of Sainsburys may get affected with the rising cost of fuel which may lead to an overall increase in prices.   The credit crunch will cut the purchasing power of the consumers as they would have less money to spend on luxury products. Therefore, automatically it is going to decrease profit margins for Sainsburys. On the other hand Sainsburys operates financial services company with HBOS (Annual Report 2007) and also a bank. However, both of are directed affected due to recession. As the competition in the market is really high other big competitors like ASDA ,TESCO ,MORRISON ,LIDL , ALDI are cutting down their product prices and giving lot of incentives to customer which may bound Sainsburys to drop their prices to survive in the market. (Annual Report 2008) SOCIAL FACTORS: Sainsburys may introduce new recipes to cook easy and healthy food because now a days consumers tend to eat fresh food and   seem to be more health conscious. According to the health department the obesity rate in UK is increasing (department of health 2008). And because of that reason the UK government has emphasised on healthy eating (eatwell.gov.uk 2008) which gives Sainsburys to an opportunity to manufacture more healthy foods at a cheaper price to match the ongoing trend. Technological: It is predicted that by 2011 the online retail sales in Europe will hit approximately 263 Billion Euro because of the rapid increase of internet shopping in which the shoppers in UK may accounting for more than a third of all revenue.   Sainsburys can take the advantage of utilizing internet as an advertising media as 8% of the global advertising is spent on the internet and the percentage is increasing day by day (The Economist, 2007).  It will be very cost effective and help the company to globalize very easily. Self checkout machines may increase customer loyalty as they dont have to wait in long queues sometimes for very few products. It saves their time and increase comfort while shopping. It can also be very cost effective as it will require less worker to work and can be in operated 24 hour shops which will boost up the sales figure. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) is a new technology yet to be popular but can play vital role in supply chain management fort the company. It can benefit big companies like Sainsburys to save their valuable time as it requires less inventory and offers more efficiency. (Directions magazine 2008) Environmental factors Environmental factors are one of the key issues these days.   Every company has to ensure that they contribute in reducing carbon footprint and to increase energy efficiency (Bream 2008) which means big companies like Sainsburys would have to invest more money to sort out Green issues. With the growing ethical issues such as selling organic foods and treating animals in a good way may have impacts on the business of Sainsburys because they would have to retain their customers   and   balance their pricing after   maintain all the environmental issues. Legal factors: Sainsburys would have to develop its packaging and labelling policies to meet all the implications of LAW on food and drinks. Which will add extra cost to their overall budget. As Sainsburys operate a bank and is involved with financial services they would have to be more concerned about the legal issues and risks involved with their business. Porters 5 Forces Competitive rivalry-The retail market is enormously competitive with a very crowded market. Now, as more and more companies are trying to get into non food sectors it further intensifies the competition. Sainsburys has a market share of 14.9% in 2007, steadily increasing since its restructuring programme that started in 2004 (Annual Report 2007). This is a positive trend but it lags well behind the runaway market leader Tesco, showing that there is considerable distance to cover. Tesco, Asda, and Morrisons are the other three big supermarket chains in the UK retail sector. All of them have a different competitive advantage over their competitors. Sainsburys reach in the convenience stores makes it have a larger customer reach. Banks and building societies compete with Sainsbury bank but it is not a core business for Sainsburys. Barriers for entry-Barriers to entry are extremely high in the food retail market due to a number of factors. Firstly, organised retail is amongst the most sophisticated sectors within the UK and needs a lot of investment, along with significant brand development, which takes years to establish. Secondly, retail is also at an advanced stage within the UK and most of the western world, which means there is little scope for new entrants to establish themselves. Local knowledge is extremely crucial within the food retail sector, something that is difficult for foreign firms to replicate. This is corroborated by the presence of few global supermarkets within UK. Threats of Substitutes-  The threat of substitutes in the food retail industry is a low one simply because consumers view it as a necessity, especially in the developed world and increasingly in the emerging markets. The retail market is always trying to converge and assimilate new innovations with respect to food products or alternative businesses, to make shopping an extremely pleasurable experience. This makes them extremely difficult to substitute. The only major threat of substitute is an internal industry threat whereby one supermarket can lap up the business of other supermarkets. Buyer power-  Buyer power is high in this industry simply due to the presence of so many competitors selling the same products. It is only differentiated in price and consumer loyalty and increasingly on green credentials. Moreover, the switching costs are low for consumers. As the economy goes further towards recession consumers needs are likely to be given more weight, increasing their power considerably. Supplier power-  Supplier power is usually more complicated as it is difficult to categorise it. It is safe to call it a mutually dependent relationship as suppliers are in itself huge companies, like PG, Unilever, Cadbury etc. with huge brand appeal. It can be argued that if supermarkets do not sell their products consumers will shift loyalties, making suppliers very powerful. However, if the products of big companies do not reach supermarkets, their sales volumes will be affected hugely. The relationship might change depending on the situation of the big branded supplier, for example, when sales of Cadburys dairy milk increased through the successful Gorilla ad campaign. Supplier power of smaller suppliers will not be considerable because of their sales volumes on dependence on these supermarkets. Competitive advantage: Sainsburys has got some competitive advantage which made its business so successful all over UK and established the 3rd  food retail chain in United Kingdom. The competitive advantages are discussed below: Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 million customers visiting every week Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More concerned with the environmental issues such as green house effect , reducing fuel emission , providing 15 million reusable bags , 8 million car stickers and fridge magnets to remind and encourage people to use environmental friendly resources. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performing social responsibility while working with Comic Relief to raise money and help poor neighbourhood. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22% market share makes them one the power key player after Tesco in the British retail industry. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They have established a brand image and are considered to have the supermarket power which is Locations. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsburys marketing strategy is   to attract the middle class consumers   with an affordable cost   while maintaining   particularly   quality of the food they simultaneously. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are promoting a new section name Active Kids to help school kids and teachers to overcall child obesity.http://www.bitc.org.uk/resources/case_studies/afe_1343.html) Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsbury is the first super store to start One Hour Delivery slot outside of London. In addition if the y fail to do so on time customers will be paid  £10 next time they do online shopping.  (http://www.sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=19562hilite Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsburys bank loans ranked 13 out of 16 in the Ciao top list as The Best Loan Lenders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.ciao.co.uk/Sainsburys_Bank_Loans__6914648) Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Developing customer service is a key advantage for Sainsbury. They discovered their highly skilled employees focus on their duties rather than Customers. So therefore , they changed the strategies and focused more to   improve customer service to get extra advantage. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The adoption of RFID has brought new competitive advantage as only few companies has the privilege to use this innovative technology. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making Sainsburys store more accessible for its customer while keeping in mind about some facts such as geographical aspects, ever changing lifestyles, and   Government restrictions. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cutting cost , giving incentives and introducing constant innovative products is a core advantage over competitors. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsbury manufacturers their own products and has their own brands which helps them to produce products in a bulk quantity at a cheaper price. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company has a unique core competency which is they promote value by providing good quality products at a competitive price. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vertical integration in between buyers and suppliers has managed to organise and run a healthy supply chain system for the company which may help them to expand their business in future. . Limitations inter-related with the PEST Analysis: In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the critical factors that might have affect on the business. A number methods of have been developed so far. PEST analysis happens to be one of the key tools to determine those factors in a various way. Kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The utilization of PEST analysis could be considered effective for the corporate benefit and strategic developments of the company. Although everything has its own Pros and Cons , PEST analysis as a tool is not unlikely to them. It can be said that Pest Analysis are sometimes done on simple assumptions which may not even exist in real. The reason behind may be the facts we take into account while doing a PEST for any company. It may not be considered on specific area or may be they less possibility to happen reality. It is also considered that PEST analysis doesnt really emphasise on critical factors and it one of the major lacking of this method is it only covers external issues without concerning the internal environment of the company and position of competitors in the industry. Another disadvantage for PEST would be it is not done on a regular basis as the rules and regulations, currency rate , variables , foreign investment and   economic figures etc .change quite often. Indeed to make it more realistic and practical it is important to gather information and obtain different perspectives based on individual point of view which is going to increase cost thus, results as a limitation for this vastly use d tool. The current position of the company in the market is quite strong though with the booming recession and business expansion of   other competitors may cause some difficulties in future.  Sainsburys being   one of the largest supermarket company in UK should set some standards to achieve outstanding performance as a overall company. Moreover,   Sainsbury should introduce some new business policies to expand its business outside of UK and explore the new markets like China, India , USA, Australia. Conclusion: From this investigation it can be seen through the various analyses methods used; Marketing Audit, Porters 5 Forces and SWOT, that Sainsburys is an iconic British food brand, well loved by its consumers and importantly profits, have improved tremendously. Although it has shown steady growth it is important for Sainsburys to go the next level by challenging Tesco, a competitor identified in the Porters 5 forces analysis, either by thinking of international expansion or on price. This in conjunction with its increasing property portfolio and alternate businesses should help in continuing the strong growth path, as well as tiding over threats (SWOT) in its external environment.

The Miracle of Feeding the 5000 Essay -- Scripture Analysis

The first thing that one needs to understand is the true meaning of the miracles Jesus performed, even though the Devil does not want us to understand the meaning. He loves when we speculate and question. In the Bible, miracles are often referred to as â€Å"signs.† Miracles are acts that only God can be responsible for, usually above and beyond natural laws. Baker’s Dictionary of the Bible defines a miracle as â€Å"Synthesizing the root connotations of these terms, we may define a miracle biblically as an observable phenomenon effected by the direct operation of God’s power, an arresting deviation from the ordinary sequences of nature, a deviation calculated to elicit faith-begetting awe, a divine inbreaking which authenticates a revelational agent.† They occur to show the power behind the hands of God. Jesus Christ himself was a miracle, starting with His unusual birth and ending with His great sacrifice, His Resurrection. His life was like no other, miraculous in every way. Wikipedia states that â€Å"many conservative religious believers hold that in the absence of a plausible, parsimonious scientific theory, the best explanation for these events is that they were performed by a supernatural being, and cite this as evidence for the existence of a god or gods.† There are many different ideas and opinions for a miracles definition, but most all define them as beneficial. Faith is the only way a person can truly believe in these extraordinary events that took place in the four gospels of the bible; Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Jesus was one of God’s most important miracle workers who time and time again showed how miraculous the Lord can be. There were many different miracles in the bible that Jesus performed throughout Hi... ...h and dying for the sins of His followers, human beings today would not have much hope for an ever-lasting life in Paradise. Works Cited Ackroyd, P.R., A.R. Leaney, and J.W. Packer, eds. Cambridge Bible Commentary Mark. 1965. Print. Bliss, George R. Luke. Ed. Alvah Hovey. Vol. II. Philadelphia, 1881. Print. Broadus, John A. Matthew. Ed. Alvoh Hovey. Vol. I. Philadelphia, 1886. Print. Clarke, W. N. Mark. Ed. Alvah Hovey. Vol. II. Philadelphia, 1881. Print. Everett F. Harrison, editor-in-chief, Baker’s Dictionary of Theology. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1960, pg. 356. Hovey, Alvoh. John. Ed. Alvoh Hovey. Vol. III. Philadelphia, 1885. Print. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle Kraft, Dave. 3 Lessons from Jesus Feeding the 5,000. Http://theresurgence.com/2011/01/16/3-lessons-from-jesus-feeding-the-5-000. 16 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2011.

Sc300: Big Ideas in Science: from Methods to Mutation

Jennifer Rivera SC300: Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation Professor: Shalon Bull August 14, 2012 1. List all of the components of two of your meals. Meal #1 – Breakfast For breakfast I had a Tuna fish sandwich, with lettuce, two slices of tomato, sauteed onions, and Hellmann's mayonnaise. I also had approximately 10 ounces of Minute Maid Tropical fruit Juice. Meal #2 – Lunch My Lunch consisted of a grilled Tyson chicken breast fillets, with steamed mix vegetables, and 8 ounces of bottle purified Dasani water. 1A. Where did each component of your meal originate?List the country that each part of your meal came from. Meal #1 – Breakfast The origin of the Tuna fish sandwich is as follows; The bread for the sandwich was two slices of Holsum whole wheat bread which is made in Puerto Rico, one 5 ounce chicken of the sea tuna can which is made in San Diego California, The lettuce and tomato was locally grown on the US Virgin Islands St. Croix by local farmer s, the Hellmann’s Mayonnaise was made in New York and the Minute Maid Tropical fruit Juice is produced by the Coca Cola Bottling Co. f Atlanta, GA. Meal #2 – Lunch The Tyson Chicken Breast Fillets are from Springdale, Arkansas and the mix vegetables are locally grown on the US Virgin Islands St. Croix by local farmers. The Dasani water is produced by the Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Atlanta, GA. 1B. List where you purchased the products from. Being the St. Croix US Virgin Islands is only 84 square miles and has a population of about 60,000 people we only have two main grocery stores which are the same just two different locations, Plaza Extra East and Plaza Extra West.I do all my shopping for grocery in Plaza Extra East for the last 20 plus years. So Meal #1 – Breakfast, and Meal #2 – Lunch were all purchased from Plaza Extra East on St. Croix USVI. 1C. Consider the chain of events that took the product to get from the farm/laboratory to your table Being tha t St. Croix is located in the Caribbean, most of our foods supply come from the State of Florida and is ship by containers on ships. The fresh produce and bread are shipped from the island of Puerto Rico where they are made.The only thing that is grown on the Virgin Islands is fresh vegetables and some fruits. 2. What are some of the benefits of a global market and why? List at least 2 benefits, weighing any short-term and long-term impacts. Some of the benefits of global marketing would be that consumers would have a larger range of products to choose from. Another would be the opportunities to small companies which can expand to serve a global market instead of a small country. This would give consumers the opportunity to buy better products at lower cost.Another benefit would be that opening offices in other countries would provide jobs for locals in that country and for the country that is opening the office this means that they will be getting cheaper labor than that which they would pay in their home country for the same job. 3. What are some of the impacts of this global market and why? Considering both short-term and long-term impacts, provide at least 2 negative impacts. Some of the negative impacts that the global market can experience can be caused by poor management of these international markets and others can occur naturally like for example bad weather.Weather and natural disasters can affect the global market in many ways, for example a country like China which exports Rice, can experience bad weather for a year which would affect the production of rice, this would not only affect China economically but cause the global price of rice to rise and the availability of the produce to diminish. So can we as a Country trust the global market as our primary source of food? I would suggest developing the nation’s agriculture programs and the production of foods in our nation the United States of American, and all other countries should do the sa me.This would be like an emergency reserve in other words. Another negative impact would be regulating the rates of taxation from one country to another. For instance if the rates of taxes are higher in Mexico for an American company then the United States might then move that office to Brazil for example. This would affect the investments market for others which would affect the global market tremendously. 4. Consider the phrase Think Globally, Act Locally. What does it mean to you?This phrase in my opinion means that you are thinking beyond the horizon and understand the issues and needs of the entire world, but need to master and fix the issues of your own country before you can get involved with the rest of the world. I think that if we improve and expand our food production capabilities then we can move on to the global market and work together for the same cause which is to bring food to those places that lack it and so much desires it. 5. Has your research on the global marke t changed the way you will choose goods in the future?Why or why not? After my research on the global market I would say that I will not be changing the way I choose my goods in the future. I would still choose the things that I like and would not change these things just because a nation or country might be benefiting from my purchase more than another. The one thing that I now understand after my research is the reason why certain name brands of products are more expensive than others. The prices of products in the global market fluctuate based on the economical state of the producing country and the markets demands.I learned that the more money a country has the more food and better quality they get, this is why poor countries lack food, and even more have a smaller variety in the food choices. References J. C. Chavis. (April 2010) Negative Impacts of a Global Market for Investment. Retrieved from http://www. brighthub. com/money/investing/articles/69512. aspx â€Å"Economic Glo balization† UC Atlas of Global Inequality. Retrieved from http://ucatlas. ucsc. edu/economic. php Global Marketing. Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/global-marketing. html

Inequality and Development

Inequality and Development Introduction Development is slow but gradual process that is marked by changes in lifestyle, processes, technology, policies and other aspects that affect human life. Human beings desire to use modern technology to ensure there is efficiency in production processes. In addition, they hope to move very fast from one place to another and access information within a very short period (Muilanovic 27).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Inequality and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These and other aspects of modern societies propel people to use various ways of ensuring that they are placed in strategic positions to acquire wealth, power and influence that will help them to control others. This has led to inequalities in various spheres and there are fears that competition for the available limited resources will push people to use unethical and illegal survival tactics. Inequality occurs in various forms, incl uding social, political and economic and each of these aspects has significant impacts on the society. This essay presents different ways that show the impacts of inequality on development. Definitions Inequality refers to unproportional and unfair allocation, access, distribution and provision of social, political and economic resources to people (Duflo 9). This means that this term covers all aspects that show unfair consideration given to people of a particular group. This vice makes some people to be perceived to be more special than others yet this is not supposed to be the case. Equality exists when fair measures are used to allocate people resources and ensure every person gets what they deserve. Development refers to the progress made by individuals and is usually marked by improving living conditions, infrastructure, economy and access to quality social services (Duflo 11). Development is measured by comparing events and situations between two or more societies during diffe rent periods. This aspect may be positive or negative depending on its impacts on the society. Negative development means that the society is experiencing serious challenges in promoting equality among its members. On the other hand, positive development means that people have equal and reasonable access to resources and thus nobody violates their rights and freedoms (Greig 32). Growth refers to visible changes that occur in the society as a result of equality or inequality and how their impacts on people. Inequality has serious impacts on growth and development and that is why nations and individuals have established various ways of eliminating this vice.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Types of Inequalities There are three types of inequalities in all societies and their causes and effects are similar. These classes originate from the issues that create differenc es among people, and that is why they are named after their subjects. Social inequality presents issues that affect people at the family and community level and this means that it is concerned with how people interact with others (Stewart 41). This includes gender, sports, communication, jobs and roles of different members in the society. Economic inequality involves unfair allocation of factors of production and resources that are important in increasing food production, creating employment opportunities and improving economies of nations. Political inequality refers to the unfair preferences that exist in the allocation and distribution of power within a region. This includes appointments, initiation of development projects, diplomatic relations, and other aspects that regulate government activities. The impacts of these inequalities may be similar or different depending on their occurrence, victims and conditions that promote them. Impacts of Inequality on Development The segment ation of aggregate demand in an economic system is a significant impact of inequality in the economy of a society. People in the middle class struggle to fit in the superfluous consumption groups and this force them to strain their budgets at the expense of basic needs like proper food and shelter. This group earns a low income, but cannot be satisfied with the way it lives. Therefore, it has to seek for various ways of ensuring that it does not fall into the low class category by struggling to emulate the behavior of the upper group. High consumerism usually takes place in regions that are close to poor and marginalized communities that have poor standards of living and cannot get proper food, medical attention or clean water (Muilanovic 33). The desire for secondary goods by the middle and upper classes and that for basic needs for the lower category triggers an imbalance between consumption and demand. This leads to wastage and misuse of resources by the rich and this undermines social cohesion in the society. The irritating consumerism of the rich and the shortage of basic needs in low income societies lead to the multiplication of conflicts between the rich and poor. In addition, it leads to increase in insecurity because the poor will struggle to get what they can afford through criminal activities like mugging, robbery and corruption (Sicherl 71). The existence of democratic governance becomes impossible because the marginalized groups will resist attempts to persuade them that the government has their interests at heart.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Inequality and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Irresponsible environmental destruction practices will increase because the poor and rich populations will be struggling to utilize resources, particularly, non renewable to satisfy their needs. The structure of the production system will be affected by unskilled laborers becaus e of lack of money to pursue specialized training. It is very difficult for a society to develop if it cannot provide equal resources and opportunities for its people. Secondly, the supply and production system of a society will suffer if it allows inequality to exist. The high consumerism of the middle and upper classes and the high poverty levels of low income earners generate a low demand that cannot consume the goods produced by production systems that aim to expand their operations. This causes an imbalance between the level of consumption of goods and services and what the society produces. The market for goods and serviced produced through modern technology lack market and this exposes producers to stunted growth and some of them may be forced to close their companies (Kuznets 20). Development is blocked when investors spend a lot of money in production yet they cannot recover their capital because of low demand for their goods. In addition, there are possibilities of the dev elopment of a segmented demand that pushes production systems to produce goods and services that satisfy the few individuals that can afford to pay for expensive products. This enshrines a defective social stratum that protects the interests of those that have money to buy expensive goods. The middle and lower classes are usually forced to struggle to meet the high standards set by the bourgeoisies or recede to poverty and desperation. At the same time, the low middle-income earners limit the development of their production system because they constrain their producers to produce goods that meet their demands (Greig 44). Therefore, they cannot sell their products to the affluent communities because of their poor quality. In addition, producers at this level do not benefit from economies of scale, specialization, improved technology and skilled employees because they have inadequate capital to expand their operations. Therefore, a significant part of an enormous production potential will be sterilized at the bottom of the social pyramid. Capital formation will be limited to the production units that serve the upper class that has a dynamic market. Therefore, economic growth becomes stunted because of misdirected production capacity that will not produce adequate income to spur development. In addition, few businesses become capitalized and this restricts income distribution and the ability of a society to increase employment opportunities (Kloby 69). Therefore, social stability is affected because of inequalities and this compromises the security of citizens. These aspects become unstable and this threatens the survival of democratic governance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, societies that have inequalities have low levels of savings and investments. Income and asset ownership inequality means that the upper class (usually very few individuals) recycles resources that should be invested in productive activities. They invest a significant part of their resources in speculative activities like hoarding and smuggling that are usually profitable compared to legal investments. The proletariats will be forced to buy their products at whichever price the bourgeoisie will deem necessary because they do not have alternatives. Secondly, this practice concentrates resources in the affluent sectors and this spurs consumerism and wastes resources that should be used for development purposes (Stewart 63). Economies should recycle resources by allowing money to move from one individual to another and create utilities. However, inequality concentrates money surpluses in a few hands and this reduces chances of recycling maximizing returns. People save their mo ney and use it for speculative activities that slow development in societies. These practices enable assets, income and savings to concentrate and be controlled by a few individuals and this prevents people from participating in economic activities that spur development because of limited resources and investment opportunities. In addition, they cause mismatches between production abilities of an economic structure and demand that arises from legal earnings and interests (Kloby 720. Therefore, the bourgeoisies will always have chances to manipulate financial institutions for their selfish interests and this creates favorable conditions for the occurrence of recurrent economic crises. In addition, science and technology are indispensable aspects that spur development in societies. These issues represent powerful leverages of contemporary growth because they enable people to simplify production processes. Market opportunities and scope expand permanently when people use discoveries an d innovations to improve their investments and enhance productivity. Science and technology focus on the expansion of knowledge and understanding various issues and this leads to efficiency in production processes. This means that market for sophisticated technology and skills will expand and fetch good returns because people hope to improve their investments (Pritchet par. 4). Therefore, they will invest their resources and concentrate them on technological aspects to ensure that they are able to defeat their competitors. They ignore social and environmental needs that are important in determining the future of people living in low income areas. The need to explore scientific innovations is usually driven by motivations to control the instruments of economic production and not maximization of returns and income. Therefore, the requirements of concentrated markets condition the scientific and technological results that are expected to benefit the society. Few individuals gain at the expense of environmental degradation, displacement of populations and a reduction of arable land in poverty stricken regions. Social cohesion, security and proper governance are indispensable issues that enable societies to develop. Equality means that all members of the society get equal burdens, efforts and results of their actions. However, some groups, especially the upper and middle income earners, do not take their responsibilities and they dump onto the poor the costs they are supposed to bear. It is very disturbing that they are the ones who get and enjoy the largest portion of the results of economic activities in their societies. Those in power use subtle mechanisms that cannot be understood by the poor that are usually illiterate, unskilled and inexperienced to perceive legal and economic interpretations. These uncouth mechanisms include regressive tax systems that ensure the cost of producing goods is met be consumers and differential access to learning and health care institutions (Kuznets 59). In addition, some of them withhold information about public work contracts or investment opportunities because of their proximity to influential politicians, investors and businesses. Social inequality brings different standards of living within a society by giving some people greater opportunities while neglecting others. This causes resentments and misgivings in societies that are supposed to be united; therefore, they hardly make any progress because of poor social cohesion that discourages dialogue and meaningful interactions. There is no way a hungry person can sit on the same table with an individual that has never understood the meaning of hunger. Social cohesion is weakened when oppressed individuals struggle to balance their lives with those of the upper and middle classes. Conflicts between the rich and poor become a daily routine and this creates enmity in the society. Therefore, it becomes difficult for a society to develop if its members have unsettled differences and each group thinks that it deserves better treatment than the other. Lastly, sustainable development is important in ensuring that societies achieve their objectives and everybody has access to quality and adequate goods and services. Inequality enables few individuals to control all factors of production and thus the poor have little say in development matters (Pritchet par. 7). However, sometimes governments and institutions intervene in these situations and offer loans or incentives to individuals to offset economic imbalances. It is necessary to explain that these loans are serviced by tax payers and this means that there is no rational for exposing them to unnecessary budgets when they are unable to afford basic needs. In addition, the bourgeoisies are the ones that control financial institutions and the interests gained on loans are shared with them because they are usually the majority shareholders in banks. People over borrow money from financial ins titutions and this means that they will have nothing to invest in income generating activities (Sicherl 86). The artificial maintenance of demand and supply balance is sustained by successive borrowing that exposes individuals to risks of bankruptcy. Societies cannot develop if they keep depending on loans to offset inequalities between the rich and poor. Conclusion Inequality hinders development because it limits investments and wastes the production potential of individuals and nations. In addition, it hinders small businesses from enjoying economies of scale and this means they will continue to produce cheap and poor goods. Moreover, it promotes irresponsible consumerism and creates conflicts between the rich and poor. Lastly, it destroys the environment and force people to rely on high interest loans to access quality education and medical services. Duflo, Esther. Women Empowerment and Economic Development. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research Press, 2011. Print. Grei g, Alastair. Challenging Global Inequality: Development Theory and Practice in the  21st Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Print. Kloby, Jerry. Inequality, Power, and Development: Issues in Political Sociology. New York: Humanity Books, 2003. Print. Kuznets, Simon. Economic Growth and Income Inequality. New York: Wiley, 2012. Print. Muilanovic, Branko. The Haves and the Have-Nots: A Brief and Idionsyncratic History of  Global Inequality. New York: Basic Books, 2012. Print. Pritchet, Lant. â€Å"Divergence, Big Time†, Journal of Economics Perspectives. 31 Oct. 1997. Web. www.cas.umt.edu/econ/documents/courses/advecondev/prichett Sicherl, Pavle. World Inequalities in Human Development Index. New York: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014. Print. Stewart, France. Horizontal Inequalities: A Neglected Dimension of Development:  Center for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity. Oxford: University of Oxford Press, 2011. Print.

Free Essays on Neuroticism and Anxiety

Abstract The experiment that was performed focussed on the correlation between Neuroticism and Anxiety. Neuroticism is on the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Anxiety is on the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The purpose of this experiment was to see whether these two characteristics had a distinct correlation. The study involved students at Huron College, who were in Psychology 022. There were 147 students who voluntarily participated in the study. The study involved two different personality tests. On the first day the students filled out the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and on the following class the students filled out the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The results that transpired were, Neuroticism and Anxiety have a high correlational value and they are directly related to each other. These two characteristics also have a high significance value and the results obtained were not due to chance. Correlational study between Anxiety and Neuroticism Personality consists of all the relatively stable and distinctive styles of thought, behavior, and emotional response that characterize a person’s adaptations to surrounding circumstances (Maddi, 1976). That people differ from each other is obvious, how and why is less clear and is the subject of psychologists to find out the differences in personalities between people. Why do different situations cause varied reactions in people in such a distinct manner? Some people love going skydiving, while others would never even consider attempting that action. What traits cause particular individuals to enjoy an act, while others are so fearful of something it causes them to feel pain and dismay. There is not a single answer to this question, but there are many factors that play a role in determining the solution. It is proven that individuals have personality traits that differentiate them from everyone else. No two people are going to be ... Free Essays on Neuroticism and Anxiety Free Essays on Neuroticism and Anxiety Abstract The experiment that was performed focussed on the correlation between Neuroticism and Anxiety. Neuroticism is on the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Anxiety is on the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The purpose of this experiment was to see whether these two characteristics had a distinct correlation. The study involved students at Huron College, who were in Psychology 022. There were 147 students who voluntarily participated in the study. The study involved two different personality tests. On the first day the students filled out the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and on the following class the students filled out the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The results that transpired were, Neuroticism and Anxiety have a high correlational value and they are directly related to each other. These two characteristics also have a high significance value and the results obtained were not due to chance. Correlational study between Anxiety and Neuroticism Personality consists of all the relatively stable and distinctive styles of thought, behavior, and emotional response that characterize a person’s adaptations to surrounding circumstances (Maddi, 1976). That people differ from each other is obvious, how and why is less clear and is the subject of psychologists to find out the differences in personalities between people. Why do different situations cause varied reactions in people in such a distinct manner? Some people love going skydiving, while others would never even consider attempting that action. What traits cause particular individuals to enjoy an act, while others are so fearful of something it causes them to feel pain and dismay. There is not a single answer to this question, but there are many factors that play a role in determining the solution. It is proven that individuals have personality traits that differentiate them from everyone else. No two people are going to be ...

Interacial marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interacial marriage - Essay Example Hohman (2002) relates this to cultural intolerance. Family members quest to protect their own culture prompt many to encourage marriage from the same race. Those involved in interracial relationships are perceived to be endangering their indigenous culture. Intolerance problem may persist especially in families who are cocooned in their traditional beliefs and are opposed to multicultural approaches. Families would go to the largest expend to protect their values. These values may be oppressing to some extent. The social status of an individual could be affected in an event family members are not familiar with interracial marriages. Stereotype is a major concern to those involved in interracial marriages. Family members could neglect or reject children from mixed races. This may have psychological effect to the children and their parents. Mockery and verbal abuses directed to such children could affect their social wellbeing. The parents’ role in crucial family decision-making processes could be minimized on the assumption that marring from a different race makes them less equal to other family members. In conclusion, one marring from a different race could caught between prioritizing his or her new family and protecting the values of the extended family. Family members may feel betrayed in an event choices do not favor their wishes. The married couple could face a psychological war triggered by other family members. Children would suffer the most as they would face stereotypes and could be subjected neglect to do their cross-cultural approach. In the end, family members could be the reason as to why such marriages may fail to

Accounting Information in Decision Making Essay

Accounting Information in Decision Making - Essay Example Individual Roles b. Group (corporate) iv. Conclusion Accounting Information in Decision Making Introduction Engaging accounting information is an idea of great magnitude in decision-making. Decisions adopted by a business defines it success. This sensitive endeavor demands critical attentions. Accounting provides facts essential for understanding the subject under question. Therefore, accounting enhances case examination, interpretation and communication of findings. Accounting information is thus, of considerable relevance because the information presents the actual state of the matter. In fact, they act as trial tests. The management can use earlier examples to develop concrete decisions. Virtually, the information presented has high reliability because they are mainly certifiable and impartial (Mansor, Tayles, & Pike 2012). Moreover, accounting information can provide progressive figure hence the team can perform a timeliness test to ascribe there validity. Accessing the very curr ent information is important since timeliness of the information defines its dependability. Measurement unit used in presenting accounting information has substantial stability. The model commonly links the information with monetary units. Although monetary units experiences fluctuations due to environmental forces; the unit establishes a comparatively stable unit (Mansor, Tayles, & Pike 2012). Indeed sometimes, the change is negligible. ... Expected Utility Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) propagates a concept that individuals make choices which ought to exploit the value of their utility. The SEU theory presumes that actors make choices within limited constant options. The model further accounts that subsequent choices are subjective to each other. The scheme strongly defies the concept of actor’s rational choice. Therefore, the model treats human being as objects swayed by internal forces into following a certain route. This driving force is accountable for the decision made. However, assumptions presented by the models do not depict the situation in the ground. According to Machina 2005 (32), the decision-making environment is not necessary presented with limited choices. Importantly, sorting out options available for a certain case is virtually unpractical. Failing to account for individual’s rational thinking is the major limitation presented by this model. Bounded rationality defines actor’s cognitive limitations influenced by knowledge and examination ability. Studies have engaged effectual experiments challenging SEU theory under bounded rationality ideas. The SEU theory has failed to support its postulates in cases of downing one of its assumptions (Mansor, Tayles, & Pike 2012). Humanity is associated with bounded rationality hence concepts presented by the system are compromised. Group: Theory of the Firm This theory observes that no business exists in isolation. Any corporation exists in a multifaceted background of players and institutions. This entails supervisory and administration bureaus, input suppliers, customers and self-cultures. Therefore, the scheme asserts that these bodies lay special aspirations on firm’s activities hence any corporation has an obligation of identifying

Describe the evolution of military technology. What innovations are in Research Paper

Describe the evolution of military technology. What innovations are in store for the future and what will be its impact on war - Research Paper Example The arrow was also made from simple technology often requiring a straight body called shaft with the tip being made from stone while a feather was attached at the rear end of the arrow to create stability. This technology provided human beings with the ability to kill a target from a distance with a relatively higher degree of accuracy. This technology evolved with the discovery of copper, bronze and finally irons with these technologies replacing the stone tip of the arrow heads over time. Archery was military technology for armies in New Egyptian Kingdom and the Shang Dynasty as far back as 2000 BC (Woods and Woods 14-15). Archery was later used by other nations and kingdoms in Europe and Asia as they were used on the battlefields of Asia Minor with Eastern Europe, Egypt China, Japan, Mediterranean basin, Korea and Mesopotamia societies all developed their own adaptations of the composite bow. The domestication of horses was also an important occurrence for the ancient societies as they now had an effective form of transport. Transport by horse led to the discovery of the chariot which further improved transpiration and attack during war with the effectiveness of the chariot in war being one man controlling the movement of the chariot while a bowman shoot arrows at enemy soldiers (Woods and Woods 21). Another military technology that influenced the way wars were fought in the middle ages is the trebuchet. This is a machine used for throwing missiles towards the enemy soldiers or at their fortification. The working concept of a trebuchet involves long pivoted beam with one side being longer than the other. During its functioning, the short side is pulled down with the longer side of the beam being forced to rise rapidly causing the sling that is connected to the end of the long side of the beam to lash over thereby releasing itself and hurling the pellet it held. There are

Dona Perfecta Essay Example for Free

Dona Perfecta Essay Dona Perfecta, written by B. Perez Galdos, is a novel that explores the conflict between the new progressive movement and the old religious school of thought. This conflict takes place in the small Spanish village of Orbajosa. Narrow-minded Catholic zealots dominate Orbajosa. The most prominent of the zealots is Dona Perfecta. Dona is traditional catholic and strives to fight any opposition to her fixed beliefs. Pepe Rey, her nephew, presents the biggest challenge to Dona because he is an engineer who relies on scientific fact rather than religious faith. Dona feels as though Pepe is challenging her and the towns’ livelihood. This belief leads Dona to not only turn the town against Pepe, but also to have him killed. Dona’s Catholic belief system is only a facade to her evil nature. The town of Orbajosa is presented to be a small yet inviting town. Pepe is welcomed to the town warmly and happily. Dona is the first to greet Pepe when the narrator states, â€Å"the sincere expression of her affection, was receiving him at the gate itself in her loving arms† (23). Dona appears to be a very loving and hospitable character. She also surprises Pepe with her lengthy preparations to his room when the narrator states, â€Å"Pepe recognized in all the details of the room the diligent and loving hand of the woman† (24). Dona has proven that she is capable of being kind and loving towards those who pose no threat to her lifestyle. However, it is only when Pepe denounces religion that Dona feels threatened and begins to revel her evil nature. When Pepe and the town canon, Don Inocencio, meet, the men clash with their ideals. Both are intelligent and therefore, are stubborn. Pepe reveals to Don Inocencio that science is more valid than religion when he states, â€Å"Mysticism in religion, routine in science, mannerism in art, are failing, as the Pagan gods fell† (36). Pepe expresses his opinions about science and religion without any hesitation. Don Incencio and the towns’ people of Orbajosa feel that Pepe is resolutely against their beliefs. Increasing animosity is the result of Pepe’s progressive mind-set. Dona feels as though Pepe is a liability to the town’s way of life and the only way to get rid of the problem is to exterminate it completely. Dona is desperate to get rid of Pepe. She knows that Pepe poses the possibly to contaminate the towns ideals with his progressive philosophy. Dona decides that the town must turn against Pepe. Dona accuses Pepe of being disrespectful in the church when she states, â€Å"between thinking things and showing them in that irreverent manner, there is a distance which a man of good sense and good breeding should never cross† (56). Dona feels the need to make baseless accusations about Pepe in order to sway the public opinion against Pepe. Pepe himself recognizes the absurdity of Dona’s accusation when he states, â€Å"I have shown no contempt for any one, nor do I entertain the ideas which you attribute to me† (57). Pepe is troubled by the idea that his own aunt would accuse him of such trivial acts. Pepe knows that his progressive ideals are threatening to the town and are creating distrust between him and Orbajosa. Dona knows that the only way to truly get rid of Pepe is to kill him. Dona is consumed with the idea that the town of Orbajosa is transitioning from a traditional mindset to a progressive mindset. In reaction, Dona orders the killing of Pepe. She then lies about the killing saying that Pepe committed suicide when she states, â€Å"Pepe Rey at about twelve o’clock last night entered the garden of the house and shot himself in the right temple† (218). Dona manufactured this lie in order to cover up her evil action. Dona resorted to extreme and evil measures in order to preserve her way of thought. Her name Dona Perfecta is ironic in the sense that Dona is far from perfect because she is evil. The injustice that Dona commits revels not only the true hypocritical nature of Dona but also the hypocritical nature of Orbajosa as a whole. Dona Perfecta uses the conflict between Pepe and Dona to show the strong opposition the progressive movement faces. While Pepe was welcomed at first, he was soon ostracized and persecuted for his thoughts. The towns’ people of Orbajosa felt Pepe might threaten their way of life. Extreme measures were taken by Dona to put Pepe to rest. Perhaps Galdos intends the reader to see that while people may appear to be good, in reality, they are not what they seem.

Physics of Skydiving :: physics parachute skydiver sky dive

Could you see yourself jumping out of a perfectly good airplane traveling at 170 MPH 13,000 feet above the ground? Imagine being the first person to jump out of an airplane, entrusting your life to an unproven piece to technology. Over the past century, skydiving has grown from a madman's fantasy to a international sport. As a skydiver stands at the door of the airplane, the force of their mass multiplied by gravity is directly countered by the force of the plane pushing back up on their feet, this is know as the normal force and is shown is the equation FN = m * g As soon as the the diver exits the plane, the normal force is removed and the diver begins to fall. Generally, a skydiver will exit the airplane at about 13,000 feet (4000 meters). To maintain a stable flight, their body must face the "relative wind". This is the direction in which the greatest air resistance is coming from. After a jumper exits, the drag force of the air counteracts the jumper's horizontal motion until the drag is only working against gravity. For a 70 kg jumper with the acceleration of gravity (9,8 m/s2), the force of gravity can be calculated with the same equation as the normal force: Fg = 70 * 9.8 = 686 Newtons The force of the drag caused by particles of air is calculated by this equation with: FD=1/2 * CDr * v2 * A FD: force of drag CDr: coefficent of drag v: velocity A: surface area of the jumper When we set the FD equal to the Force of gravity on the diver and use the drag coefficient for the density of air and use the area of a diver in the "arch" position we find that the diver find a balance of forces (no acceleration) at about 55 m/s. When a skydiver wants to deploy their parachute, the most commonly used device used is a manually-operated pilot chute. The diver will reach back into their rig and grab a handle or small bean bag connected to the pilot chute and throw it away from them. The small pilot chute is affected by an extra drag force attempting to keep it stationary. When this force and the force of the falling diver create enough tension in the line connected to the pilot chute, the deployment bag containing the main canopy is unstowed. If the main canopy were to expand to full size immediately, the tensile forces between the diver and the main canopy would most likely kill the diver and/or break the lines.

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins :: American America History

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins There are three main schools of thought that trace the origins of the Cold War. The Orthodox view is that "the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of a totalitarian society, and the madness of Stalin" (Doc 1) cause the Cold War. The Revisionists claim that "American policy offered the Russians no real choice...[and] the United States used or deployed its preponderance of power" (Doc 2) and these actions caused the Cold War. The Post-Revisionist position is that the Cold War was initiated both by the United States and the USSR. Through the analysis of documents and other sources, the actual cause of the 'war' lies with both powers. Both powers caused the Cold War because, although the US and the USSR were allied during World War Two, the USSR and US had different ideologies and aims of the war that conflicted after the war was over and the threat that each power imposed on the other. The primary cause of the Cold War is the exceedingly bipolar systems of government that the USSR and the US were administered under. The US had a democracy and had, in April of 1945, just said farewell to one of the most liberal presidents that ever had been elected. By making many social reforms, President Roosevelt pulled the US out of the crippling depression and into on of the most prosperous decades ever. The aims of the US are evident in the 'Atlantic Charter', which was signed by Churchill and Roosevelt in August of 1914. According to the Charter, the US would "seek no aggrandizement.... respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live.... bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations.... [and seek] the abandonment of the use of force" (Doc 4). While still early in the war, the 'Atlantic Charter' was later adopted by the United Nations and remains, to this day, one of the cornerstones of the western world. However, the o ther power that emerged still 'intact' after the war, the USSR had a very different way of government and dissimilar aims of the war. The USSR was a communist nation and had Stalin its dictator. "From the Soviet perspective, extending the borders of the USSR and dominating the formerly independent states of eastern Europe would provide security and would be proper compensation for the fearful losses the Soviet people had endured in the war" (p.

Dissent vs. Disagreement Essay

In agreement to Daniel J. Boorstin’s theory, one can recall several events in the history of America’s democracy when disagreement paved the path for discussions and solutions but dissent only produced greater separation. Disagreement is the basis for democracy because each citizen has a choice to agree or disagree and try to make a change. For example, in the 1950s, Brown v. Board of Education was a product of constant disagreement between Americans about whether segregation of schools is constitutional or not. Because of these ongoing debates, the decision was made to end segregation in schools. Similarly, a tragic genocide in Sudan causes many arguments between the American people as the problem worsens and Americans must decide if they should step in. Again, the disagreement of the American democracy acts as its foundation for success and unity, while in Boorstin’s words, a democracy is â€Å"killed by dissension†. If in the 1950’s, the African Americans chose to go on living with dissension, or deciding to forever â€Å"feel apart from others†, then perhaps America would not have a black president today. Because many people disagreed with the harsh racial segregation and discrimination of that time, they were able to act on their opinions and make a change that influenced the future of America. African Americans fought for equality by disagreeing, instead of dissenting, and their efforts are evident in today’s unsegregated society. In Boornstin’s words, â€Å"A person who dissents is by definition in a minority†. The African Americans did not want to be known as the lesser minority, but by equal citizens of the American democracy, and the way they succeeded in making their struggles known was by debating and arguing against segregation and discrimination. Brown v. Board of Education was an outcome of one of their acknowledged actions. Because of this decision, segregation in schools were finally deemed unconstitutional. An improvement was made in the American democracy, and it was because of the â€Å"life blood of democracy†, which in Boorstin’s words, is known as â€Å"Disagreement†. Unlike the Brown v. Board of Education Decision, the American government mostly used dissension to deal with the genocide in Sudan. Some call it, â€Å"The Silent Genocide†, because there were many, many, casualties but there was no awareness for the issue. Although many recognized that the issue was appalling, few took action and produced debates and disagreements, causing the issue to linger instead of improve. The regular disagreement which â€Å"a liberal society thrives on† was overshadowed by dissension and ignorance. The genocide in Sudan was not able to be fully helped, or helped at all at first. As Boorstin says, â€Å"dissension is its [democracy’s] cancer† and this is evident in this case because Americans chose to dissent and feel apart from this problem, which only caused it to get worse. Boorstin recognizes the differences between dissension and disagreement in a way that makes evident that dissent is unproductive to our society’s conflicts whereas disagreement serves as the first step to reaching a solution. While Brown v. Board of education is an example of how disagreement led to improvement, the issue of the genocide in Sudan showed how a great amount of dissension and a lack of discussion, disagreement and knowledge, can turn out to be a democracy’s â€Å"cancer†.